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1762 •
Rousseau explores the possibility that a "contract" between people be the source of sovereign power, not systems such as monarchies. His ideas would help inspire political revolt through Europe.
Rights of Man
Thomas Paine
36 days
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1791 •
Writing in support of the in-progress French Revolution, Paine argues in favor of popular revolution against a government that no longer defends or respects its citizens' natural rights.
Civil Disobedience
Henry David Thoreau
4 days
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1849 •
Disgusted by the Mexican-American War and slavery, Thoreau urges citizens to right their government's wrongs and be agents of positive change - even if it means breaking unjust laws.
The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
5 days
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1848 •
"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles" argue Marx and Engels in this, their world-shaking political pamphlet advocating for socialism over capitalism.
Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes
89 days
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1651 •
One of the earliest works exploring the relationship between individuals and the state. With an eye on the English Civil War, Hobbes argues in favor of an absolute sovereign to hold society together.
The Federalist Papers
Publius
74 days
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1788 •
A collection of 85 essays written under the pseudonym Publius by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the new United States Constitution.
The Conquest of Bread
Peter Kropotkin
23 days
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1892 •
A classic of political anarchist literature, outlining Kropotkin's perceived defects of capitalism.
On Liberty
John Stuart Mill
14 days
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1859 •
Philosopher John Stuart Mill and his wife Harriet Taylor in this essay apply the Utilitarian ethical theory to government, exploring individuality, authority, and freedom of speech.
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